• AMPK is a serine threonine protein kinase composed of a

  2024-11-12

  

  AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclear

• Preclinical models indicate roles for adiponectin in the mai

  2024-11-12

  

  Preclinical models indicate roles for adiponectin in the maintenance of hepatic lipid metabolism. Adiponectin overexpression prevents accumulation of triglycerides or the deleterious lipid metabolites diacylglycerols or ceramides [5,8]. Direct manipulation of adiponectin expression demonstrates a po

• Clofibric Acid Based on the observation that antipsychotic d

  2024-11-12

  

  Based on the observation that antipsychotic drugs increase 5-HT1A–D2 heteromerization level (Łukasiewicz et al., 2016), we set out to compare the effect of paroxetine to that of risperidone. Paroxetine, a potent SSRI, is very effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, e.g., gene

• br Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous rec

  2024-11-12

  

  Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures and represents one of the most frequent neurological diseases affecting about 60 million people worldwide (McNamara, 1999). It is estimated that up to 50% of all cases are triggered by “initial precipitating injuries”, such

• The difference in the mean values of serum

  2024-11-12

  

  The difference in the mean values of serum ADA in sputum positive PTB and controls was found to be highly significant (P curve was found to be 0.801. ROC analysis showed that the cut off values for serum ADA to differentiate between PTB from healthy controls were found to be 14.6IU/L with sensitivit

• Numerous studies have reported high glutamate levels in the

  2024-11-11

  

  Numerous studies have reported high glutamate levels in the brains of patients with depression, indicating that the glutamate system plays a crucial role in depression (Sanacora et al., 2004; Kendell et al., 2005; Hashimoto et al., 2007). Furthermore, several clinically effective antidepressant drug

• There are however concerns of potential side effects that sh

  2024-11-11

  

  There are however, concerns of potential side-effects that should also be taken into account. Even though some studies pointed towards a potentially greater radiosensitising effect in p53-deficient tumours, ATM inhibition radiosensitises Carmofur australia in general, which raises the concern of nor

• Most of lipid lowering agents

  2024-11-11

  

  Most of lipid-lowering agents have many therapeutic problems with severe side effects, while dietary fibers as lipid lowering therapy are safer. Chitosan (CS) is a dietary fiber biodegradable, biocompatible and has many health benefits including wound healing, antiinflammatory, anti-cancers, immune-

• APJ is mainly coupled to PTX

  2024-11-11

  

  APJ is mainly coupled to PTX-sensitive Gi/o proteins [33], and thus, it is associated with the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the activations of PI3K/Akt signaling and MAPKs signaling pathways [23], [54], [55], [56]. In a previous study, apelin stimulations of the PI3K/Akt and/or the MAPK pathwa

• Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor

  2024-11-11

  

  Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor in cardiovascular functions has been well-elucidated, little is known for the effect of the central apelinergic system on gastrointestinal (GI) functions. In mice, it has been found previously that central exogenous apelin-13 decreased gastric emptying (G

• The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms that reg

  2024-11-11

  

  The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms that regulate apelin secretion and APLNR expression in malignant tissues appear to be multifactorial. Previous studies have shown that hyperplastic and neoplastic cholangiocytes secrete a variety of hormones, peptides, and growth factors that help

• MMP is the most critical

  2024-11-11

  

  MMP9 is the most critical protease which is involved in the degradation of ECM. TIMP-1 is an important regulator in the synthesis and degradation of ECM [8,9]. Hepatic TIMP-1 expression significantly increases in patients with liver fibrosis [10]. Serum level of TIMP-1 expression is positively assoc

• Heat shock protein Hsp is a molecular chaperone that

  2024-11-11

  

  Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that plays a central role in regulating the maturation, activation and stability of numerous “client proteins” that drive the development and progression of many cancers. Therefore, inhibition of Hsp90 would result in degradation of the client p

• ER 27319 maleate receptor In this study we demonstrated that

  2024-11-11

  

  In this study, we demonstrated that DRR1 protein level in GBM tissues was significantly higher compared to normal ER 27319 maleate receptor tissues. This data suggested that DRR1 might play a role in the tumorigenesis of glioma. To investigate whether DRR1 could accurately predict the outcome in pa

• In recent years there have been further

  2024-11-09

  

  In recent years, there have been further significant developments that enhance an understanding of the role of adenosine in nociception. Thus, novel methods of recruiting adenosine A1Rs have been developed, and the role of adenosine A2A- and A3Rs in nociception has been further elaborated. Furthermo

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