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Some of previous immunohistochemical studies
2024-01-17

Some of previous immunohistochemical studies have compared the levels of AR expression in low-grade versus high-grade and/or non-muscle-invasive versus muscle-invasive tumors. There was a significant or marginal decrease (Boorjian et al., 2004, Miyamoto et al., 2012b, Rau et al., 2011, Shyr et al.,
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There are several reports providing
2024-01-17

There are several reports providing evidences that functional and mechanistic connection between Sirt1 and LKB1/AMPK in metabolic regulation [26], [32], [33]. It has been reported that the deacetylation of LKB1 by Sirt1 is one of the determining factors of the subcellular localization of LKB1. In ag
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In light of several reports of defects in
2024-01-17

In light of several reports of defects in memory-related tasks for the dysbindin-deficient mice (Cox et al., 2009, Takao et al., 2008), it was rather unexpected that an enhancement of CA3–CA1 LTP was observed in our investigation as well as in another independent study (T.T. Tang et al., 2009). The
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Compounds and with potent ALR inhibitory activity were also
2024-01-17

Compounds , and with potent ALR2 inhibitory activity were also tested for their inhibition ability against ALR1, as shown in . They all showed low activity with inhibition percentages no more than 45% at the concentration of 10μM, demonstrating good selectivity for ALR2. To evaluate the antioxida
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AKT activity is also self limiting through
2024-01-17

AKT activity is also self-limiting through its substrate GSK3β; the kinase activity of which is negatively regulated by AKT phosphorylation (Fig. 3; Li, Liu, & Gao, 2009). GSK3β activation results in phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin mediated degradation of PHLPP (Li et al., 2009). AKT activa
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Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly growing cause
2024-01-17

Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly growing cause of end-stage renal disease [1]. Glomerular, tubular and vascular toxicity resulting from hyperglycemia (glucotoxicity) have been evaluated extensively at the molecular level as contributing factors for diabetic nephropathy [[1], [2], [3]]
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Adenosine can modulate neutrophil bactericidal functions A
2024-01-16

Adenosine can modulate neutrophil bactericidal functions. A dual regulatory effect has been reported for adenosine on phagocytosis. Indeed, the activation of A1 receptors augments this process, while the stimulation of A2A receptors was found to reduce the phagocytic activity of neutrophils [89]. In
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br Introduction ACK or Activated Cdc Associated Kinase locat
2024-01-16

Introduction ACK1, or Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase, located on chromosome 3q, is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor tyrosine kinase cloned from a human LCL161 cDNA library (Manser et al., 1993). It was first identified to bind to activated Cdc42, a small Ras GTPase via its CRIB domain (Ma
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br Patients and methods The severity of disease
2024-01-16

Patients and methods The severity of disease documented at each outpatient visit was graded according to the modified Osserman classification: grade I, focal disease (e.g. restricted to ocular muscles); grade II, generalised disease that is mild (IIa) or moderate (IIb); grade III, severe generali
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At present drugs that specifically
2024-01-16

At present, drugs that specifically inhibit YAP activity are not available. In fact, verteporfin, which was originally described as a specific inhibitor of YAP-TEAD interaction, has been recently shown to exert its activity through selective induction of proteotoxicity rather than through YAP inhibi
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br Experimental section br Competing interests br Author
2024-01-16

Experimental section Competing interests Author's contributions Acknowledgement This research is partially supported by a seed fund for the Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research (LS) and a research grant by Fujifilm (VPS and LS). The Sponsors played no roles in study desig
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br Conclusion br Acknowledgments The authors extend their ap
2024-01-16

Conclusion Acknowledgments The authors extend their appreciation to Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University for funding this work through the research project Number (G-2016-2). Introduction L-ornithine is a natural
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Beside estrogen several classes of compounds have shown sign
2024-01-16

Beside estrogen, several Hyper Assembly Cloning of compounds have shown significant neuroprotective efficacy when administered shortly after the induction of animal models of stroke, including glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and zinc chelators [25], [26], [27]. Effects of these or other neuro
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AMP activated protein kinase AMPK is a key cellular
2024-01-16

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key cellular energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis at the cellular and whole-organism level (Hardie et al., 2012). Functionally, the AMPK pathway sustains adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production through activation of fatty 4-ethylphenyl sulfate sale
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br The lipoxygenase pathway in vascular physiology and patho
2024-01-16

The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in vascular physiology and pathology The mammalian 12- and 15-LOXs have high substrate specificity oxidizing predominantly ω−6 (arachidonic and linoleic acids) but also the ω−3 (docosahexanoic) 1632 [86], [87], [88]. Different LOXs oxidize fatty acids both in the f
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