In the case of Expo half of all exhibition

In the case of Expo 2000, half of all exhibition facilities were rented from the site owner and converted into joint national pavilions. The remaining half were newly built stand-alone national pavilions whose reuse plan did not work well as anticipated. As of March 2004, about 17% of these new structures were reused, 50% planned to be reused, while there was no plan for the remaining 33% (Shanghai Municipal Government Delegation, 2004). As of 2009, 500,000m² of exhibition spaces had been left unused (Expo Projects Department of Shanghai Expo (Group) Ltd., 2009). In both cases, there existed a big mismatch between the supply of these “leftovers” and the actual post-Expo market demand, indicating the difficulties and uncertainties in making national pavilions function beyond an Expo.
China Pavilion To redress the industry imbalance and to avoid the negative impacts of maintaining a “white-elephant” legacy, the rules of the first-stage idea cetp inhibitor emphasized a careful integration of traditional culture and architecture, as well as a viable plan for post-Expo uses. Key functional requirements were laid out. The three programmatic components in the Expo duration included China National Pavilion, China joint provincial pavilions, and three temporary pavilions for Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, respectively. Afterwards, China National Pavilion and joint provincial pavilions would be converted into a theme museum and a commercial exhibition center, respectively Shanghai Expo (Group) Ltd., 2006a).
Conclusions
Introduction
A lesson from history In Canada, vapor barrier has become synonymous with polyethylene sheets, although building codes always permitted many other solutions. One of them is a double-painted drywall in which the paint fulfils the vapor barrier requirement. And the 0.15mm polyethylene sheathing which controls air leakage in houses functions as a vapor barrier as well.
Moisture effects—material durability Corrosion of metals exposed to air similarly varies with surface temperature and humidity. Likewise, mold growth requires certain temperatures and humidity (temperatures above 5°C and relative humidity above 80%).
Thermal energy—dynamic performance Assessing the energy performance of the building envelope involves three different considerations:
Design for environmental control
Addressing the duality Mark Bomberg is a part time professor at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and Southeast University in Nanjing, China as well as editor-in-chief of the Journal of Building Physics (Sage Corp. London, UK). His interest on the path from materials to sustainable buildings is possible because of his research background in heat, air and moisture transfer, material science and evaluation methodology with particular interest in durability of construction materials. Currently he is working on integration of HVAC and building enclosures (see Frontiers Architecture Civil Engineering China 2010, 4(4)).